Good dental care and oral health habits may do more than protect your teeth and gums. Researchers and dentists are finding increasing evidence that gum disease may be linked to other health problems. Studies have associated gum disease with diabetes, heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
Gum disease is an inflammatory process that affects the gum tissue and other structures supporting the teeth. Also known as periodontal disease, it ranges from mild to severe. In advanced stages it can lead to tooth loss and may interfere with other systems of the body.
A new study finds gum disease may be more widespread than previously believed. Research published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Periodontology in the Journal of Dental Research suggests the prevalence of gum disease may have been underestimated by as much as 50 percent.
The findings have significant public health implications, according to Dr. Paul Eke, an epidemiologist at the CDC and lead author of the study. "Research suggests a connection between periodontal health and systemic health. In light of these findings, understanding the relationships between periodontal disease and other systemic diseases in the adult U.S. population is more crucial than ever."
Periodontal disease ranges from simple gum inflammation, called gingivitis, to serious disease resulting in damage to the bone. “When someone has gingivitis, the gums become red and swollen. They can bleed easily,” explained Dr. Jan Linhart, a Manhattan dentist. “Most people can reverse this with daily brushing and flossing and seeing their dentist regularly.”
Left untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontitis. The gums pull away from the teeth and form pockets that are infected. If not treated, the bones, gums and connective tissue that support the teeth are destroyed.
“In light of the new study, it’s more important than ever that people have regular dental exams and cleanings, and practice good oral health habits. This includes flossing every day,” Linhart said.
Linhart has a periodontist, a dental professional who specializes in gum disease, on staff in his Park Avenue office. “When someone comes in for their exam and cleaning, if we see any sign of gum disease needing treatment, we refer them to the periodontist for immediate care. The earlier gum disease is properly diagnosed and treated, the easier it is to prevent serious damage.”
Gum disease is both preventable and treatable. But because it is usually painless and progresses slowly, it may take years for people to notice symptoms, according to Linhart. At its earliest stage, it can be eliminated by dental cleanings, along with daily flossing and brushing. But once it progresses, more extensive treatment is required.
Warning signs of periodontal disease include gums that bleed when you brush; red, swollen and tender gums; a bad taste in the mouth; bad breath; loose or sensitive teeth; pain when chewing; and a change in the way teeth fit together when you bite.
In addition to maintaining good oral health habits, other factors can play a role in gum disease. Smoking has been shown to significantly increase the risk. Stress, poor diet and genetics can also affect the health of one’s gums.
For more information, visit www.drlinhart.com or www.perio.org.
